英国essay论文精选范文:“The development of the war and science”,这篇论文讨论了战争与科技的发展。战争是一种军事、政治斗争,从古至今一直存在。如今,科学技术水平的高低越来越成为战争成败的关键因素,反过来战争局势的发展必将成为发展科技的重要动力之一。总之,科技与战争之间存在着必然的联系。人类应当冷静思考战争问题,战争的发展绝非是为了科技的繁荣,科技的进步也绝不是为了战争的发展。虽然两者之间存在矛盾,但这是可以解决的。
War is a kind of military and political struggles, it has been in existence since ancient times. On the one hand, war is a kind of brutal behavior of human struggle, on the other hand it reflects the advancement of technology. The level of science and technology is increasingly becoming the most critical factor in the success of the war,
in turn, the development of the situation in the war will become an important driving force for development of science and technology. In short, there is a definite link between technology and war.
Development is accompanied by a series of wars in human history, the war is the main means of dynasties. From ancient times to the present, from the bronze sword iron knife, rocket and rifle, and then to the existence of nuclear weapons today, these are science and technology. Technology and war, there is a special relationship. War and the interaction between technology and functions exactly how? On the relationship between science and the war issue, founder of science of science, United Kingdom famous scholar Bernard, has made it clear that "Science helps meet the needs of war, war needs to also help the cause of scientific" point of view. He said: "since ancient times, improved war technology has been needed more than improving peaceful life sciences. Not because scientists have warlike characteristics, but needs more urgent than others because of the war. All monarchs and Governments less willing to provide benefits to other research, are very happy to provide funding for military research, because the scientific community to develop new equipment, such equipment because they are so novel, so important in the military. ”
18 lives, symbolizing the emergence of the first industrial revolution with vigour of the steam engine started. The rapid development of modern science and technology in the West, is not only the potential of science and technology, massive social productive forces, during the war, is also a potential of science and technology, a huge edge. Science and technology can be directly converted to military technology, and the development of military technology and must lead to a series of changes in the military field, this change, most prominently with the largest advances in weapons technology.
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After World War I, particularly during the second world war, with the increase of mechanized weapon performance, theory of mechanized warfare to unprecedented prosperity, fighting a radical change in morphology. With the breakthrough of modern natural science theory and all-round development, an atomic energy technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, aerospace technology as the Guide, the traditional technology and traditional industry is undergoing fundamental change of revolution around the world are rising on using these technologies for military, bombs, missiles and other weapons proliferation, in the mechanized war of human face nuclear war.
In the Iraq war, we can see that the battlefield has become the United States shows high-tech weapons Exposition. United States aircraft carriers and high performance fighter aircraft, information systems, precision-guided bombs, and so on. Almost any weapon is technology integration. After passing through the massive precision bombing, Iraq's military command and control system has been destroyed, Iraqi army soldiers could not be found, soldiers cannot contact officers without any resistance and counterattack are difficult to achieve. By Iraq war progress can be seen, had a very important impact high-tech war.
Humans in order to obtain the victory of the war, and Acceleration, constant pursuit of more powerful weapons, this necessarily requires must be rapid development of technology, powerful weapons were updated. Science learn of founder, and United Kingdom famous scholars Bernard had said: "actually, except 19 actual a a period, we can just of said, most important of science and technology of development is sea army of of need directly contributed to of, this is not technology and war Zhijian has any mystery of affinity, but due to some fundamental of reasons; regardless of costs of military need of urgency and is greater than civilian of urgency. New weapons in the war emergency attention, through improvements in technology could have a new and powerful weapon, which can decide the victory of the war. "In modern times, excellent equipment and instruments is essential for war, its effect is more and more obvious. These equipment and instruments for the expansion of the influence of science and technology, the new breakthrough in the field of science.
Take a very simple example, came into being under the radar during the war demand, is promoting products of war. Its role is in the distant places find enemy machines, Germany early in the radar used in the radar technology is not yet mature, still under study, but has gained a very good effect in the war. Because it can accurately find the enemy position, providing accurate directions, can give enemies the most powerful combat and save their own forces, studies have shown that in 1916, when on average emit 10000 bombs hitting a plane, but by 1945, under the radar, the figure was 365. The warring parties have invested a lot of effort on research. After the second world war, weibo electronic technology for a long time a very prosperous, and a new radio astronomy. Then electronic jamming technology has developed rapidly, United States military authorities believe that radio interference during the second world war to save about 450 bombers, 4,500 flight crew from certain death. The second world war, greatly promoted the development of electronics, and the drive to do no less. In the former Soviet Union claimed: "in modern conditions, any country's military prowess is to a large extent depends on the level of development and the achievement of radio electronics use. "The United States in the development of weapons and equipment of entire allocation for research spending on radio and electronics accounted for 20%--25%, such promotion of war on electronics will continue.
As we all know, when the war, each side is thinking about how to quickly overcome the other, basically put all of its energy on a military battle, both sides will avoid at all costs to develop war-related work, this ignores other technological research and development work, some basic research and development work is at a standstill. And this is just on the one hand, on the other hand, with the worsening of the war, many of the devastating destruction of human civilization, including science and technology damage. During World War II, Germany against Poland, Poland 60% of industrial facilities, over 80% of scientific equipment and a large number of schools have been severely damaged, a lot of scientists, technicians and the massacre of innocent people being cruel. In contrast Germany native state, we found that due to the persecution of the progressives and the Jews by the Nazi regime, a group of scientists had been killed, also went into exile, a prominent figure like Einstein.
Look at modern Britain and the United States on Iraq's wars, we have experienced the desecration of war on civilization, and contempt for life. When US troops withdraw from Iraq Hou, it is in a State of anarchy, puppet government-led national reconstruction of broken homes, around the anti-Government forces continue to make trouble, people's lives are not guaranteed, is full of smoke, blood and tears are the true state. Can be said that the fall of the country as a whole, killed a lot of innocent people, which also included us soldiers. In this case, Iraq also how to talk about the development of science and technology. Years of regime instability, want to restore the previous level of technology do not know which day.
Of not only brings casualties of war and post-war reconstruction is so simple. Modern war is another problem that is pollution. Modern weapons are not only destructive great features the war of pollution is particularly serious, and particularly nuclear pollution. In 1945, Japan Hiroshima and Nagasaki by United States atomic bombings for weeks, after the explosion of the nuclear pollution problem continues today, heard about Hiroshima and Nagasaki still a barren land. Even the grass can't survive let alone people, let alone talk about development and technological progress. In short, there is absolutely no reason why war brings absolute progress of technological development, we should reflect on impact of war on the promotion of the science and technology behind, know that nothing is absolutely one-sided, through modern warfare know that technology often contain by war. To eliminate this kind of reaction is what we should be considering important issues.
The rapid development of science and technology, to 20th century warfare has undergone tremendous change. 19th century also had many wars, with the Franco-Prussian War the largest war of that year, the war we lost some 150,000 lives, but to look at the 20th century, only the battle of Verdun in world war killed about 1 million people. According to the United States investigation of Zbigniew Brzezinski knows, before and after World War 2, a total loss of about 100 million people. What a billion! Falling too quickly in the life in the war, civilization disappear without a trace in the war, humanity paid a heavy price for the war. It was believed to have entered the 21st century, wars of this century is characterized by the information warfare, they believe that war is now need not cost too many lives, war is "civilization", is understandable.
This idea wrong. But every war there is no civilization at all, from the beginning to the end of the war is brutal and rude behavior, war is always a disaster. Although in the past 20 years, humans weapons manufacturing precision and great progress in research of non-lethal weapons, but less bloody war only a self-deceiving argument, Tomahawk cruise missiles at the battle of Kosovo is not only aimed at military targets, residential area, industrial buildings and even refugee camps not to let off. According to incomplete statistics, wars of Yugoslavia lost nearly 200 billion setback not only economically for decades, is also a serious damage to the ecological environment, affecting the living conditions of future generations. The missiles retained some chemical bomb in the air blowing into the surrounding area is absorbed by the human, physical immortality of some negative effects on the human body.
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